Wirasat Ka Qanoon 2026: Property Inheritance Laws in Pakistan

Pakistan Mein Wirasat Ka Qanoon 2026: Jaidad Ki Taqseem Aur Wariseen Ke Huqooq – Mukammal Guide

• Last Updated: March 20, 2026
• Relevant Laws: Muslim Family Laws Ordinance 1961, West Pakistan Muslim Personal Law 1962, Enforcement of Women’s Property Rights Act 2020.
• Authority: NADRA (Succession Facilitation Units) & Civil Courts.

Pakistan mein wirasat ki taqseem sirf aik qanooni amal nahi balkay aik mazhabi farz bhi hai. Jab kisi shaks ki wafat hoti hai, to uski chori hui jaidad (Mankula aur Ghair-mankula) ki taqseem Islamic Sharia aur Pakistan ke civil qawaneen ke imtizaj se hoti hai. 2026 mein technology ke istemal ne wariseen ke liye "Succession Certificate" hasil karna intehai asan bana diya hai, taake jaidad ke tanazaat (disputes) ko kam kiya ja sakay.

Humein lagta hai ke wirasat ke qanoon ko samajhna har khandan ke liye zaroori hai taake mustaqbil mein kisi bhi qanooni pechidgi se bacha ja sakay.
1. Wirasat Taqseem Karne Se Pehle Ke 4 Lazmi Marahil
Jaidad wariseen mein bantne se pehle darj-zail iqdamat qanooni aur shar'i tor par lazmi hain:

• Tajheez-o-Takfeen: Marne wale ke kafan dafan aur janaze ke tamam akhrajaat kul jaidad se ada kiye jayenge.
• Karz Ki Adaigi: Agar marne wale par kisi ka karz (Debt) hai, ya koi bank loan hai, to jaidad se sab se pehle wo ada kiya jayega.
• Mehar Ki Adaigi: Agar shohar ki wafat hui hai aur usne apni biwi ka "Mehar" ada nahi kiya tha, to wo bhi aik karz hai jo jaidad se pehle ada hoga.
• Wasiyat (Will): Agar marne wale ne koi wasiyat ki hai, to wo kul bachi hui jaidad ke 1/3 (one-third) hisse tak poori ki jayegi. Yaad rakhein, shar'i waris ke haq mein wasiyat baqi tamam waris ki razamandi ke baghair nafiz nahi hoti.

2. Islamic Sharia Ke Mutabiq Wariseen Ke Hisse
Pakistan mein wirasat ki taqseem aksaryat Hanafi (Sunni) aur Jafari (Shia) fiqh ke mutabiq hoti hai. Niche diye gaye hisse Quran-e-Majeed mein muqarrar karda hain:

• A. Biwi Aur Shohar Ka Hissa
• Biwi (Wife): Agar aulad (Beta/Beti/Pota/Poti) maujood ho to biwi ko kul jaidad ka 1/8 milta hai. Agar aulad na ho to 1/4 hissa milta hai. (Multiple wives hone ki surat mein yehi hissa un mein barabar taqseem hota hai).
• Shohar (Husband): Biwi ki wafat par agar aulad ho to shohar ko 1/4 aur aulad na ho to 1/2 (Adha) hissa milta hai.
• B. Walidain (Parents) Ka Hissa
• Ma (Mother): Agar marne wale ki aulad ho ya do ya ziada behan bhai hon, to Ma ko 1/6 milta hai. Agar aulad na ho to Ma ka hissa 1/3 hota hai.
• Baap (Father): Aulad (Beta) ki maujoodgi mein Baap ko 1/6 milta hai. Agar sirf betiyan hon, to Baap ko 1/6 ke sath bachi hui jaidad ka hissa bhi mil sakta hai.
• C. Aulad (Children) Ka Taqabuli Hissa
• Beta aur Beti: Islamic qanoon ka bunyadi usool hai ke Bete ka hissa Beti se dogna (2:1) hota hai.
• Sirf Betiyan: Agar sirf aik beti ho (aur beta na ho) to use 1/2 milta hai. Do ya ziada betiyan hon to wo kul jaidad ke 2/3 hisse mein shareek hoti hain.

3. Section 4 MFLO: Pote Aur Potiyon Ka Haq
Pakistan ke qanoon (Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961) mein aik boht ehem shaq (clause) hai jo Section 4 kehlati hai.

• Asal Masla: Sharia ke mutabiq, agar koi beta apne baap ki zindagi mein fout ho jaye, to uske bache (pote/potiyan) apne dada ki wirasat se mahroom ho jate hain (agar dada unke liye wasiyat na kare).
• Pakistani Qanoon (Section 4): Pakistan mein qanoon ye kehta hai ke fout shuda bete ya beti ki aulad apne dada/dadi ki wirasat mein utne hi hisse ki haqdar hogi jitna unke walid ya walida ko zinda hone ki surat mein milna tha. Ye qanoon yateem bacho ke tahaffuz ke liye banaya gaya hai.

Federal & Punjab Govt Mazeed Schemes (Related Opportunities)
Agar aap is program ke liye Eligible nahi hain, to Government ke in digar naye programs aur opportunities mein Apply kar sakte hain:

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4. Digital Succession Certificate (NADRA Process 2026)
2026 mein wirasat ka certificate hasil karna nihayat asan ho chuka hai. Pehle adalat mein saalon lagte thay, magar ab NADRA ke Succession Facilitation Units ye kaam 15-30 din mein kar dete hain.

• Zaroori Documents:
• Marne wale ka Death Certificate (Union Council se tasdeeq shuda).
• Tamam qanooni wariseen ki list aur unke CNICs.
• Jaidad ki tafseelat (Bank statements, Zameen ke kagazat, Gari ki registration).
• FRS (Family Registration Certificate) NADRA se.
• Tariqa-e-Kar:
• Application: Koi bhi aik waris NADRA center ja kar apply karta hai.
• Biometrics: Tamam wariseen ko NADRA center ja kar apne fingerprints (biometrics) dene hote hain. (Overseas Pakistanis apne mutallika embassy ya online biometrics de sakte hain).
• Advertisement: NADRA akhbar mein aik ishtihar deta hai taake agar koi aur waris hai to wo samne aa jaye.
• Issuance: 15 din baad NADRA Succession Certificate (Mankula jaidad ke liye) ya Letter of Administration (Ghair-mankula jaidad ke liye) jari kar deta hai.

5. Khawateen Ke Wirasati Huqooq Ki Hifazat
Pakistan mein khawateen ko unke hisse se mehroom karna ab aik sanjeez jurm hai.

• Anti-Coercion Laws: Agar koi bhai ya rishtedar kisi khatoon ko "Hissa chorne" par majboor kare ya us se zabardasti sign karwaye, to wo khatoon Ombudsperson (Muhtasib) ke paas ja sakti hai.
• Civil Punishments: Adalat aisi muntaqli ko foran khatam (null and void) kar sakti hai aur mulzim ko jail bheja ja sakta hai.

6. Official Links & Resources

• 🏛️ NADRA Succession Portal: succession.nadra.gov.pk
• 📜 Pakistan Code (MFLO 1961): pakistancode.gov.pk
• 🏢 Punjab Land Records Authority: punjab-zameen.gov.pk
• ⚖️ Federal Ombudsman for Women’s Property: ombudsman.gov.pk

7. Sawal Aur Jawab (FAQs)

• Q1: Kya ghair-musalman rishtedar ko wirasat mil sakti hai? 
• Jawab: Islamic qanoon ke mutabiq, kafir (ghair-musalman) musalman ka waris nahi ho sakta aur na hi musalman kisi ghair-musalman ka shar'i waris ho sakta hai.
• Q2: Agar kisi ka koi beta na ho, to jaidad kaise taqseem hogi? 
• Jawab: Is surat mein betiyon ko unka muqarrar hissa milta hai aur baqi jaidad marne wale ke behan bhaiyon ya digar rishtedaron (Residuaries) mein taqseem hoti hai.
• Q3: Kya koi shaks apni zindagi mein betiyon ko jaidad se mehroom kar sakta hai? 
• Jawab: Zindagi mein di gayi jaidad "Hiba" (Gift) kehlati hai. Agarche koi apni marzi kar sakta hai, magar shar'i tor par na-insafi gunah hai. Wafat ke baad qanoon betiyon ko unka haq dilwata hai.
• Q4: Succession Certificate aur Letter of Administration mein kya farq hai? 
• Jawab: Succession Certificate bank balance, shares, aur jewellery (movable) ke liye hota hai. Letter of Administration ghar, zameen, aur dukan (immovable) ke liye hota hai.
• Q5: Agar wariseen mein tanaza (dispute) ho to kya NADRA certificate dega? 
• Jawab: Nahi. Agar koi aik waris bhi objection kar de, to NADRA case adalat (Civil Court) ko bhej deta hai.
• Q6: Overseas Pakistanis wirasat kaise hasil karein? 
• Jawab: Wo NADRA ke online portal ya mutallika Pakistani Consulate mein biometrics de kar apna hissa wasool kar sakte hain.
• Q7: Kya sautaili ma (Step-mother) ka wirasat mein haq hai? 
• Jawab: Ji han, agar wo nikah mein thi to use biwi wala hissa milega. Magar sautailay bacho (Step-children) ka uski apni jaidad mein haq nahi hota (jab tak unka khooni rishta na ho).
• Q8: "Aaq" karna (Disinheriting) qanooni tor par kya hasiyat rakhta hai? 
• Jawab: Pakistan ke qanoon mein kisi shar'i waris ko "Aaq" kar ke wirasat se mehroom nahi kiya ja sakta. Wafat ke baad wo apna haq mang sakta hai.
• Q9: Kya adoptd bacha (Lay-paalak) waris hota hai? 
• Jawab: Sharia mein adopted bacha shar'i waris nahi hota, magar uske liye 1/3 tak ki "Wasiyat" ki ja sakti hai.
• Q10: Shia aur Sunni qanoon mein bara farq kya hai? 
• Jawab: Bara farq "Residuaries" mein hai. Shia qanoon mein agar beti maujood ho to wo behan bhaiyon ko wirasat se exclude kar deti hai, jabke Sunni qanoon mein aisa nahi hota.

💡 Mashwara

• Wirasat ke mamlat mein hamesha 'Family Registration Certificate (FRC)' ko update rakhein. 2026 mein NADRA ka nizam itna fast hai ke agar tamam waris razi hon to 15 din mein certificate mil jata hai. 
• Tip: Jaidad ki taqseem mein kabhi dair na karein, kyunke waqt guzrne ke sath sath purane waris fout ho jate hain aur case mazeed pechida ho jata hai!

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